Class Notes Oct 24th

Web 2.0 Presentation


Web 2.0 - A Definition

"Web 2.0 refers to a perceived second generation of web-based communities and hosted services — such as social-networking sites, wikis and folksonomies — which aim to facilitate collaboration and sharing between users.... In alluding to the version-numbers that commonly designate software upgrades, the phrase "Web 2.0" hints at an improved form of the World Wide Web."

At the 2004 conference O'Reilly also introduced a "taxonomy" of what he considered varying levels of "Web 2.0-ness". Following is a brief explanation of his hierarchy:

* Level 3 - applications that are the most "Web 2.0"-oriented, which could only exist on the Internet, deriving their power from the human connections and network effects that Web 2.0 makes possible, and growing in effectiveness the more people use them
- Examples: eBay, craigslist, Wikipedia, del.icio.us, Skype, dodgeball and Adsense

* Level 2 - applications that can operate offline but which gain advantages from going online
o Examples: Flickr (which benefits from its shared photo-database and from its community-generated tag database)

* Level 1 - applications that are also available offline but which gain features online
- Examples: Writely (now part of Google Docs & Spreadsheets) and iTunes (because of its music-store portion)
- iTunes

*Level 0 - applications which would work as well offline as they do online
- Examples: MapQuest, Yahoo! Local and Google Maps (Note: Mapping-applications using contributions from users to advantage can rank as "level 2")
http://sassmaster.wikispaces.com/Web2.0


Article Presentation – Backward Design
What are the basic steps to the backward design planning process?
Answer: The steps to this process are listed below.

* Step 1: Decide on the themes, enduring understandings and essential questions for the unit.

* Step 2: Design a summative for the end of the unit.

* Step 3: Align the unit with the New York State ELA Standards and choose outcomes, strategies and best practices to teach them.

* Step 4: Choose resources to create a rich and engaging multi-genre thematically-linked unit.

* Step 5: Weave back and forth across the curriculum map to make revisions and refinements.

http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6-12/BackwardDesign/Overview.htm?CFID=492724&CFTOKEN=12369413&jsessionid=1a309a4822616b242963


DRSL – Desired Results for Student Learning


Cognitive Engineering


Cognitive Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach to designing computerized systems intended to support human performance (Roth, Patterson, & Mumaw, 2001). It encompasses the fields of human factors, human-computer interaction, cognitive psychology, computer science, artificial intelligence and other related fields. The methods of Cognitive Engineering consider workers and the tasks they perform as the central drivers for system design.

http://mentalmodels.mitre.org/cog_eng/ce_intro.htm

Endsley’s Model of Situated Awareness

Endsley's model

The most established and popular definition of SA is that provided by US human factors researcher Mica Endsley (1988, 1995a, 2000):
"Situation awareness is the perception of elements in the environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the near future."
Perception, comprehension and projection are, in Endsley's account, the three essential components of SA. They support the active maintenance of an integrated mental model at three hierarchic levels:
• Perception involves monitoring, cue detection and simple recognition; it produces Level 1 SA, the most basic level of SA, which is an awareness of multiple situational elements (objects, events, people, systems, environmental factors) and their current states (locations, conditions, modes, actions).
• Comprehension involves pattern recognition, interpretation and evaluation; it produces Level 2 SA, an understanding of the overall meaning of the perceived elements - how they fit together as a whole, what kind of situation it is, what it means in terms of one's mission goals.
• Projection involves anticipation and mental simulation; it produces Level 3 SA, an awareness of the likely evolution of the situation, its possible/probable future states and events. This is the highest level
Recognition-primed decision (RPD) is a model of how people make quick, effective decisions when faced with complex situations. In this model, the decision maker is assumed to generate a possible course of action, compare it to the constraints imposed by the situation, and select the first course of action that is not rejected. This technique has benefits in that it is rapid, but is prone to serious failure in unusual or misidentified circumstances. It appears to be a valid model for how human decision-makers make decisions.